Pith Number

pith:4YIMCX7M

pith:2021:4YIMCX7MDTPH5WMWOZPKXHOM3X

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Improving Fairness for Data Valuation in Horizontal Federated Learning

Changxin Liu, Huang Fang, Jian Pei, Michael P. Friedlander, Yong Zhang, Zhenan Fan, Zirui Zhou

arxiv:2109.09046 v3 · 2021-09-19 · cs.LG

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{4YIMCX7MDTPH5WMWOZPKXHOM3X}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T04:58:01.312006Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

e610c15fec1cde7ed996765eab9dccddf3b8cd24090786d5cad37f2367e75ea4

Aliases

arxiv: 2109.09046 · arxiv_version: 2109.09046v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2109.09046 · pith_short_12: 4YIMCX7MDTPH · pith_short_16: 4YIMCX7MDTPH5WMW · pith_short_8: 4YIMCX7M

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/4YIMCX7MDTPH5WMWOZPKXHOM3X \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: e610c15fec1cde7ed996765eab9dccddf3b8cd24090786d5cad37f2367e75ea4

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "cce43f43f76e3ad14c50650e08f125fb397f340068fe806b769b1fabe794ccad",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.LG",
    "submitted_at": "2021-09-19T02:39:59Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "417c4f01cb03a83fb1dd45aee32e0a720e33be93aff3caf30ac0b5b40226ebc4"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2109.09046",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}