Pith Number

pith:56QGBLRW

pith:2023:56QGBLRWXTTZ3LBZQQW2KPNZMT

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

A Formal Perspective on Byte-Pair Encoding

Clara Meister, Juan Luis Gastaldi, Li Du, Mrinmaya Sachan, Ryan Cotterell, Tim Vieira, Vil\'em Zouhar

arxiv:2306.16837 v3 · 2023-06-29 · cs.CL · math.OC

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{56QGBLRWXTTZ3LBZQQW2KPNZMT}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

1 paper in Pith

Evaluating Tokenizer Performance of Large Language Models Across Official Indian Languages

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T09:01:24.900960Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

efa060ae36bce79dac39842da53db964f839cb47173b96648c0e6751a60cedeb

Aliases

arxiv: 2306.16837 · arxiv_version: 2306.16837v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2306.16837 · pith_short_12: 56QGBLRWXTTZ · pith_short_16: 56QGBLRWXTTZ3LBZ · pith_short_8: 56QGBLRW

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/56QGBLRWXTTZ3LBZQQW2KPNZMT \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: efa060ae36bce79dac39842da53db964f839cb47173b96648c0e6751a60cedeb

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "9bd467ccf262c5951852ecc1cf90d15739640b26435e207cb8f4a9260e302941",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "math.OC"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2023-06-29T10:29:23Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "69219e5e111c02cbd81019f415ab4c5239cc1e3b354de244db68e08e8fd9af70"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2306.16837",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}