Pith Number

pith:5CVLUTXO

pith:2026:5CVLUTXOHA7LEKJFTG7BRHPE6L

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Parameterized Post-Newtonian Analysis of Quadratic Gravity and Solar System Constraints

Hao Li, Jie Zhu

Quadratic gravity produces exponentially suppressed deviations from general relativity at solar system scales.

arxiv:2601.05750 v3 · 2026-01-09 · gr-qc

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\pithnumber{5CVLUTXOHA7LEKJFTG7BRHPE6L}

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4 Citations open

5 Replications open

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Claims

C1strongest claim

Deviations from General Relativity are exponentially suppressed. The theory has the feature gamma(r) identical to 1 when m_R equals m_W, and to ensure gravity remains attractive we have m_W greater than m_R over 4. Solar System experiments give preliminary constraints m_R, m_W greater than or equal to 23 AU inverse, corresponding to lambda less than or equal to 2.1 times 10 to the 19 square meters and mu less than or equal to 7.1 times 10 to the 18 square meters.

C2weakest assumption

The post-Newtonian expansion remains valid for the quadratic gravity theory in the weak-field regime around solar-system sources, and the ghost tensor mode does not produce instabilities or negative-energy issues that would invalidate the classical metric solution at these scales.

C3one line summary

Quadratic gravity with Weyl-squared and Ricci-squared terms produces PPN parameters that equal their GR values except for exponentially decaying corrections, with gamma identically 1 when the two mode masses are equal, yielding solar-system lower bounds m_R, m_W greater than or equal to 23 per AU.

References

51 extracted · 51 resolved · 23 Pith anchors

[1] The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment 2014 · arXiv:1403.7377

[2] Experimental Tests of General Relativity: Recent Progress and Future Directions 2009 · arXiv:0809.3730

[3] Testing General Relativity with Present and Future Astrophysical Observations 2015 · arXiv:1501.07274

[4] Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger 2016 · arXiv:1602.03837

[5] First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole 2019 · arXiv:1906.11238

Formal links

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Cited by

1 paper in Pith

Dynamic Aspects of Bumblebee Gravity: Post-Newtonian Approach

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-02T03:04:36.912632Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

e8aaba4eee383eb2292599be189de4f2cb8ded3f7d9ee6e96b3155b9f6512424

Aliases

arxiv: 2601.05750 · arxiv_version: 2601.05750v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2601.05750 · pith_short_12: 5CVLUTXOHA7L · pith_short_16: 5CVLUTXOHA7LEKJF · pith_short_8: 5CVLUTXO

Agent API

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/5CVLUTXOHA7LEKJFTG7BRHPE6L \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: e8aaba4eee383eb2292599be189de4f2cb8ded3f7d9ee6e96b3155b9f6512424

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "9068db02ce22931a6f93e85ae26b9ac2242e360422e5cea196d3c8296d810ca0",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "gr-qc",
    "submitted_at": "2026-01-09T12:05:09Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "05578cf834edf5019e49255889d12f375ddbe4d60960772dcdcc2b071800274b"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2601.05750",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}