Pith Number

pith:5WKWUVII

pith:2026:5WKWUVIIBMRCA3TGGWEMV2LHYP

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VIDA: A dataset for Visually Dependent Ambiguity in Multimodal Machine Translation

Chris Biemann, Jingheng Pan, Liang Ding, Longyue Wang, Weihua Luo, Xintong Wang

A dataset of 2,500 translation instances shows that chain-of-thought fine-tuning helps models use visual evidence to resolve ambiguities more consistently.

arxiv:2605.02035 v2 · 2026-05-03 · cs.CL · cs.AI

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Claims

C1strongest claim

Experiments with two state-of-the-art Large Vision Language Models under vanilla inference, supervised fine-tuning (SFT), and our chain-of-thought SFT (CoT-SFT) show that while SFT improves overall translation quality, CoT-SFT yields more consistent gains in disambiguation accuracy, especially on out-of-distribution subsets, indicating a stronger generalization for resolving diverse ambiguity types.

C2weakest assumption

The 2,500 instances are accurately annotated such that visual evidence is genuinely required to resolve each ambiguous span, and the LLM-as-a-judge classifier reliably measures correct span-level disambiguation without its own biases or errors.

C3one line summary

VIDA provides 2,500 visually-dependent ambiguous MT instances and LLM-judge metrics; chain-of-thought SFT improves disambiguation accuracy over standard SFT, especially out-of-distribution.

Formal links

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Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-27T01:05:55.900371Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

ed956a55080b22206e663588cae967c3efd4ec7a78fc037fad5db02071830c2a

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.02035 · arxiv_version: 2605.02035v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.02035 · pith_short_12: 5WKWUVIIBMRC · pith_short_16: 5WKWUVIIBMRCA3TG · pith_short_8: 5WKWUVII

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/5WKWUVIIBMRCA3TGGWEMV2LHYP \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: ed956a55080b22206e663588cae967c3efd4ec7a78fc037fad5db02071830c2a

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "0ff197cb4b122f311fd9103f89506e2288bc74cba2f1115d0bd45e54eb7e8c97",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI"
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    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-03T19:55:06Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "3dffca7dbaa344ceadcfa408a691b5398bf9917b46db05d0c88f2affc4f09894"
  },
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  "source": {
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    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}