Pith Number

pith:6I4QDZ4P

pith:2024:6I4QDZ4PNWCZF5BUXTHHU45BF3

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Learning control variables and instruments for causal analysis in observational data

Jannis Kueck, Julia Hatamyar, Martin Huber, Nicolas Apfel

arxiv:2407.04448 v3 · 2024-07-05 · econ.EM

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{6I4QDZ4PNWCZF5BUXTHHU45BF3}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T01:04:49.384606Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

f23901e78f6d8592f434bcce7a73a12edb198a0f040e4c79fe821209be4ccf31

Aliases

arxiv: 2407.04448 · arxiv_version: 2407.04448v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2407.04448 · pith_short_12: 6I4QDZ4PNWCZ · pith_short_16: 6I4QDZ4PNWCZF5BU · pith_short_8: 6I4QDZ4P

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/6I4QDZ4PNWCZF5BUXTHHU45BF3 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: f23901e78f6d8592f434bcce7a73a12edb198a0f040e4c79fe821209be4ccf31

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "71301ac4c7b0e95e7114ee8dca26b01a815d71eeceead68779b3a4cfeef27beb",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "econ.EM",
    "submitted_at": "2024-07-05T12:03:21Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "e838dfa9595d121a2e81a145f21561c79ac06b08e33100c38b37e4f034d2e9a4"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2407.04448",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}