Pith Number

pith:7EKWQXAN

pith:2026:7EKWQXANR2I4LLJJSXXI2PW45H

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Multi-stability of Atlantic and Pacific overturning: The role of Freshwater Forcing Asymmetries and the Hydrological Cycle

Elian Vanderborght, Henk A. Dijkstra, Oliver Mehling

Freshwater forcing asymmetries and hydrological cycle strength determine whether sinking occurs in both Atlantic and Pacific or is confined to one basin.

arxiv:2605.15699 v1 · 2026-05-15 · physics.ao-ph

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4 Citations open

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Claims

C1strongest claim

The model admits three states: sinking confined to the narrow basin, sinking confined to the wide basin, and sinking in both basins. We analyze the (co-)existence of these states as a function of freshwater asymmetry and hydrological cycle strength, defined as the longitudinally symmetric freshwater flux. For a weak hydrological cycle, representative of warm Pliocene-like climate conditions, sinking occurs in both basins, with symmetry breaking only when one basin is sufficiently more evaporative.

C2weakest assumption

The two-basin conceptual ocean model with simplified geometry and freshwater forcing sufficiently captures the essential mechanisms that determine the existence and stability of overturning states in the real global ocean.

C3one line summary

A two-basin conceptual model shows that Atlantic and Pacific overturning multi-stability depends on inter-basin freshwater asymmetry and hydrological cycle strength, producing distinct single-basin or dual-basin sinking states for weak, intermediate, and strong cycles that match 3D GCM behavior.

References

62 extracted · 62 resolved · 0 Pith anchors

[1] Baker, J., M. Bell, L. Jackson, G. Vallis, A. Watson, and R. Wood, 2025: Continued atlantic overturning circulation even under climate extremes. Nature, 638 (8052), 987--994 2025

[2] Burls, N. J., A. V. Fedorov, D. M. Sigman, S. L. Jaccard, R. Tiedemann, and G. H. Haug, 2017: Active pacific meridional overturning circulation (pmoc) during the warm pliocene. Science Advances, 3 (9) 2017

[3] Annual review of marine science, 11 (1), 249--270 2019

[4] Cessi, P., and C. S. Jones, 2017: Warm-route versus cold-route interbasin exchange in the meridional overturning circulation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 47 (8), 1981--1997 2017

[5] Cimatoribus, A. A., S. S. Drijfhout, and H. A. Dijkstra, 2014: Meridional overturning circulation: stability and ocean feedbacks in a box model. Climate dynamics, 42, 311--328 2014

Formal links

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Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T00:01:13.178796Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

f915685c0d8e91c5ad2995ee8d3edce9e9c5965a4fe2476f41f748bb5f5e9e31

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.15699 · arxiv_version: 2605.15699v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.15699 · pith_short_12: 7EKWQXANR2I4 · pith_short_16: 7EKWQXANR2I4LLJJ · pith_short_8: 7EKWQXAN

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/7EKWQXANR2I4LLJJSXXI2PW45H \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: f915685c0d8e91c5ad2995ee8d3edce9e9c5965a4fe2476f41f748bb5f5e9e31

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "5e94f2a184292b6b262a2f78e0fd0bb0a983d171ff0554e7773854b989959369",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "physics.ao-ph",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-15T07:44:16Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "b5f3a21b8ec40502045ddb1abbe256f6939d479b6c774c7f0224317133d87c16"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.15699",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}