Pith Number

pith:7VWAG5EG

pith:2025:7VWAG5EGL4K3NUMM5TIGFQ2WVL

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Uncovering Bias Mechanisms in Observational Studies

David Sontag, Ilker Demirel, Piersilvio De Bartolomeis, Zeshan Hussain

arxiv:2506.01191 v1 · 2025-06-01 · stat.ME · stat.ML

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{7VWAG5EGL4K3NUMM5TIGFQ2WVL}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T11:13:47.919242Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

fd6c0374865f15b6d18cecd062c356aaea8ece2540479152b3c84835709ee336

Aliases

arxiv: 2506.01191 · arxiv_version: 2506.01191v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2506.01191 · pith_short_12: 7VWAG5EGL4K3 · pith_short_16: 7VWAG5EGL4K3NUMM · pith_short_8: 7VWAG5EG

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/7VWAG5EGL4K3NUMM5TIGFQ2WVL \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: fd6c0374865f15b6d18cecd062c356aaea8ece2540479152b3c84835709ee336

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "74d8ddc4167412e8b72d020144da5ffa42c4caccdd7932bbe11f4de5d6b3d2d7",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "stat.ML"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ME",
    "submitted_at": "2025-06-01T21:58:09Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "f543dab8ea3b9ee509d168f892955210434b3eca4765d859c17a80812cd0d186"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2506.01191",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}