Pith Number

pith:A4PKNPR4

pith:2022:A4PKNPR43ITFZ2I4G6UUT3B5M6

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

No Free Lunch Theorem for Security and Utility in Federated Learning

Hanlin Gu, Kai Chen, Lixin Fan, Qiang Yang, Xiaojin Zhang

arxiv:2203.05816 v3 · 2022-03-11 · cs.LG

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{A4PKNPR43ITFZ2I4G6UUT3B5M6}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T04:54:18.966996Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

071ea6be3cda265ce91c37a949ec3d67adf5bb0c5a84e0f725675b07dee8e804

Aliases

arxiv: 2203.05816 · arxiv_version: 2203.05816v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2203.05816 · pith_short_12: A4PKNPR43ITF · pith_short_16: A4PKNPR43ITFZ2I4 · pith_short_8: A4PKNPR4

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/A4PKNPR43ITFZ2I4G6UUT3B5M6 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 071ea6be3cda265ce91c37a949ec3d67adf5bb0c5a84e0f725675b07dee8e804

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "66996c624bab5c1d28adb4e691c57d5e33bb78e598d95f9d2925be323ddce409",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.LG",
    "submitted_at": "2022-03-11T09:48:29Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "86274dd1cec92c9532409aab55c63f43c39c46897c7db230e936ff16a5e69a08"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2203.05816",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}