Pith Number

pith:AHZXPVLS

pith:2026:AHZXPVLSCJAYKUWDY26CIULWEF

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

A General Differentiable Ray-Wave Framework for Hybrid Refractive-Diffractive System Modeling and Optimization

Chenkai Mao, Jiazhou Cheng, Jonathan A. Fan, Margaret Gao, Tom D. Milster, Yixuan Shao

A differentiable ray-wave framework models hybrid refractive-diffractive optical systems as a plug-and-play module in ray tracing pipelines.

arxiv:2605.15418 v1 · 2026-05-14 · physics.optics · eess.SP · physics.comp-ph

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{AHZXPVLSCJAYKUWDY26CIULWEF}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

We present a differentiable ray-wave framework that serves as a general model for hybrid refractive-diffractive optical systems and that operates as a plug-and-play module within standard ray tracing pipelines.

C2weakest assumption

The framework's accuracy depends on correctly choosing modeling regimes based on the spatial frequency properties and spatial curvature of the diffractive surfaces, as stated in the analysis of ray-wave regimes.

C3one line summary

A plug-and-play differentiable model bridging ray and wave optics for hybrid systems that enables end-to-end optimization of planar and conformal diffractive elements.

References

182 extracted · 182 resolved · 7 Pith anchors

[1] and Fan, Jonathan A · doi:10.1002/adma.202204688

[2] Journal of Information Display , author = 2019 · doi:10.1080/15980316.2019.1570978

[3] Information-driven design of imaging systems , url = · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2405.20559

[4] Optica , author = 2026 · doi:10.1364/optica.570334

[5] Neural phase microscopy with metasurface optics for real-time and nanoscale quantitative phase imaging , volume = · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-68151-z

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T00:00:57.580681Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

01f377d57212418552c3c6bc245176216321fa62f6c7556e28e6fe294f0256f9

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.15418 · arxiv_version: 2605.15418v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.15418 · pith_short_12: AHZXPVLSCJAY · pith_short_16: AHZXPVLSCJAYKUWD · pith_short_8: AHZXPVLS

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/AHZXPVLSCJAYKUWDY26CIULWEF \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 01f377d57212418552c3c6bc245176216321fa62f6c7556e28e6fe294f0256f9

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "06d846f2470b8677b12bcb09590fd6a3d95d8c59a6f8204d2ac8a4b7dda2f4e0",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "eess.SP",
      "physics.comp-ph"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "physics.optics",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-14T21:04:00Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "5b5685c5997d9a3d274e6f3464473ac7e2ea98930168a6f088c800f78b85f30d"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.15418",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}