Pith Number

pith:C7Y3M7G4

pith:2026:C7Y3M7G4XKCWKFMLDGOISJJKNX

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

$S^3$-R1: Learning to Retrieve and Answer Step-by-Step with Synthetic Data

Akhil Udathu, Atharva Parulekar, Harsh Goel, Pradnesh Kalkar, Susmija Jabbireddy

Coupling synthetic multi-hop questions with rewards for search steps and answers enables models to learn effective retrieval strategies and generalize up to 10% better out of domain.

arxiv:2605.01248 v3 · 2026-05-02 · cs.LG

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{C7Y3M7G4XKCWKFMLDGOISJJKNX}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

Our evaluations show that S^3-R1 outperforms existing baselines by learning more effective search and synthesis strategies, yielding up to a 10% improvement in robust generalization on out-of-domain datasets.

C2weakest assumption

The synthetic generation and retrieval-based verification pipeline produces questions of genuinely intermediate difficulty that transfer to real user queries without introducing distribution shift or annotation artifacts that inflate measured gains.

C3one line summary

S^3-R1 generates synthetic intermediate-difficulty multi-hop questions and applies dense rewards for search quality plus answer correctness, yielding up to 10% better out-of-domain generalization than baselines.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-10T01:08:36.073608Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

17f1b67cdcba8565158b199c89252a6df2339321e26e07bde1637fe1b0acbbd4

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.01248 · arxiv_version: 2605.01248v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.01248 · pith_short_12: C7Y3M7G4XKCW · pith_short_16: C7Y3M7G4XKCWKFML · pith_short_8: C7Y3M7G4

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/C7Y3M7G4XKCWKFMLDGOISJJKNX \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 17f1b67cdcba8565158b199c89252a6df2339321e26e07bde1637fe1b0acbbd4

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "6f4f561a01ded9716eeeb40f87ff4b3fb14a5d398fe514248c57dd4a58fd4c93",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.LG",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-02T05:01:05Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "1f01da6397752e8cb232c781c825d0d88c42bc368335cebbbc1daf20146ac842"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.01248",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}