Pith Number

pith:D27W3ITC

pith:2019:D27W3ITCU7JUIOGGDJYDH2JGKJ

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effect with Instrumental Variables

Hyunseung Kang, Jiongyi Cao, Michael Johnson

arxiv:1908.03652 v2 · 2019-08-09 · stat.ME · stat.AP · stat.ML

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{D27W3ITCU7JUIOGGDJYDH2JGKJ}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T02:07:43.790415Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

1ebf6da262a7d34438c61a7033e926525168bc26eb2b996f3b17a45c7c67bc0e

Aliases

arxiv: 1908.03652 · arxiv_version: 1908.03652v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1908.03652 · pith_short_12: D27W3ITCU7JU · pith_short_16: D27W3ITCU7JUIOGG · pith_short_8: D27W3ITC

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/D27W3ITCU7JUIOGGDJYDH2JGKJ \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 1ebf6da262a7d34438c61a7033e926525168bc26eb2b996f3b17a45c7c67bc0e

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "377c9e9ceb00db16a2ffafb98da8bc565cf9e8926548c671eb5d8cb5b3fdd2be",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "stat.AP",
      "stat.ML"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ME",
    "submitted_at": "2019-08-09T22:52:44Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "c8172aa7506b181db0a2389a64beb25af5e96bac21fbef678fc40dab218932a1"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1908.03652",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}