Pith Number

pith:DKUOUOVM

pith:2025:DKUOUOVMHIOHVLYBWWAVUIHVOW

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

What Makes Treatment Effects Identifiable? Characterizations and Estimators Beyond Unconfoundedness

Alkis Kalavasis, Anay Mehrotra, Katerina Mamali, Manolis Zampetakis, Yang Cai

arxiv:2506.04194 v2 · 2025-06-04 · math.ST · cs.LG · econ.EM · stat.ME · stat.ML · stat.TH

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{DKUOUOVMHIOHVLYBWWAVUIHVOW}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

2 papers in Pith

Towards a holistic understanding of Selection Bias for Causal Effect Identification

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T11:29:12.487731Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

1aa8ea3aac3a1c7aaf01b5815a20f575a4f3b092a1c92cb32ea6ce5a18c65b73

Aliases

arxiv: 2506.04194 · arxiv_version: 2506.04194v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2506.04194 · pith_short_12: DKUOUOVMHIOH · pith_short_16: DKUOUOVMHIOHVLYB · pith_short_8: DKUOUOVM

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/DKUOUOVMHIOHVLYBWWAVUIHVOW \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 1aa8ea3aac3a1c7aaf01b5815a20f575a4f3b092a1c92cb32ea6ce5a18c65b73

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "6a7a937ac500fca517224176f7672650888d959f427b1173231d9da295956ce1",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.LG",
      "econ.EM",
      "stat.ME",
      "stat.ML",
      "stat.TH"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "math.ST",
    "submitted_at": "2025-06-04T17:40:55Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "512bbcace338999d1d698200283f88bd1c4a59c6b44dcd3d1b29ed457d3131e7"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2506.04194",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}