Pith Number

pith:EMVJ4HBC

pith:2018:EMVJ4HBCZOPGELSU6GGPY2NOVA

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

A Simple and Efficient Estimation of the Average Treatment Effect in the Presence of Unmeasured Confounders

Chunrong Ai, Lukang Huang, Zheng Zhang

arxiv:1807.05678 v1 · 2018-07-16 · econ.EM

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{EMVJ4HBCZOPGELSU6GGPY2NOVA}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T00:10:42.872263Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

232a9e1c22cb9e622e54f18cfc69aea836d84d566889ca1434be7ce40fb4efe3

Aliases

arxiv: 1807.05678 · arxiv_version: 1807.05678v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1807.05678 · pith_short_12: EMVJ4HBCZOPG · pith_short_16: EMVJ4HBCZOPGELSU · pith_short_8: EMVJ4HBC

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/EMVJ4HBCZOPGELSU6GGPY2NOVA \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 232a9e1c22cb9e622e54f18cfc69aea836d84d566889ca1434be7ce40fb4efe3

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "685bd4de29237f1df3e47a18a1c1ca7766d2f54335e3b859cca9a70424e945da",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "econ.EM",
    "submitted_at": "2018-07-16T04:42:01Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "0be5b5b0ce7580e1f2ebeb1d8d0e7663ca166568fcd7ebcaaa5f2a6f69963fd7"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1807.05678",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}