Pith Number

pith:ESM27PTS

pith:2019:ESM27PTSNBKUY3ZUUETNPFCIOF

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

The Bottom-up Evolution of Representations in the Transformer: A Study with Machine Translation and Language Modeling Objectives

Elena Voita, Ivan Titov, Rico Sennrich

arxiv:1909.01380 v1 · 2019-09-03 · cs.CL

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Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{ESM27PTSNBKUY3ZUUETNPFCIOF}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

4 papers in Pith

The Generalization Ridge: Information Flow in Natural Language Generation

Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer

HyperLens: Quantifying Cognitive Effort in LLMs with Fine-grained Confidence Trajectory

Learning is Forgetting: LLM Training As Lossy Compression

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T00:02:15.606516Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

2499afbe7268554c6f34a126d79448715c371cab024e683978cec2ac7ceb4ff8

Aliases

arxiv: 1909.01380 · arxiv_version: 1909.01380v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1909.01380 · pith_short_12: ESM27PTSNBKU · pith_short_16: ESM27PTSNBKUY3ZU · pith_short_8: ESM27PTS

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/ESM27PTSNBKUY3ZUUETNPFCIOF \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 2499afbe7268554c6f34a126d79448715c371cab024e683978cec2ac7ceb4ff8

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "47289c18fa96b090fcdde6baed0fe4db47a9a14fcdc168004caf657bcc63a237",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2019-09-03T18:06:03Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "0cb0edb38fa9b597070b5411994c1b8488efd18af3ffb2bef3ed9168e21db8eb"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1909.01380",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}