Pith Number

pith:EUTMMA45

pith:2026:EUTMMA45FNSL2R2UUY6JHBLYMM

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Calibrating Eruptive Mass Loss in Red Supergiants with Local Group Data

Charlie Conroy, Jared A. Goldberg, Shelley J. Cheng

Calibrated eruptive mass loss in red supergiants prevents stars above 20 solar masses from reaching that phase.

arxiv:2603.00231 v2 · 2026-02-27 · astro-ph.SR

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{EUTMMA45FNSL2R2UUY6JHBLYMM}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

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The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

This calibrated eruptive mass loss prevents stars with initial masses ≳20 M⊙ from evolving to become red supergiants, with implications for the mass spectrum of core-collapse progenitors, compact remnants, early supernova interaction signatures, and the spectral energy distributions of unresolved galaxies.

C2weakest assumption

That by-eye matching of luminosity functions to observations in a restricted temperature-luminosity window accurately isolates the eruptive mass-loss scaling without needing statistical fitting or accounting for other model uncertainties in MESA tracks.

C3one line summary

Eruptive mass loss in red supergiants increases linearly with metallicity, calibrated via by-eye fits to Local Group luminosity functions, preventing initial masses above about 20 solar masses from reaching the red supergiant phase.

References

76 extracted · 76 resolved · 5 Pith anchors

[1] Z., de Wit, S., et al 2024 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449383

[2] Banerjee, S., Belczynski, K., Fryer, C. L., et al. 2020, A&A, 639, A41, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201935332 2020 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935332

[3] R., Davies, B., Smith, N., et al 2020 · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa255

[4] Belczynski, K., Bulik, T., Fryer, C. L., et al. 2010, ApJ, 714, 1217, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1217 2010 · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/714/2/1217

[5] Bessell, M. S., & Brett, J. M. 1988, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 100, 1134, doi: 10.1086/132281 1988 · doi:10.1086/132281

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:38:59.834107Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

2526c6039d2b64bd4754a63c93857863362c1e651d481b7e31862e524a52b10c

Aliases

arxiv: 2603.00231 · arxiv_version: 2603.00231v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2603.00231 · pith_short_12: EUTMMA45FNSL · pith_short_16: EUTMMA45FNSL2R2U · pith_short_8: EUTMMA45

Agent API

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/EUTMMA45FNSL2R2UUY6JHBLYMM \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 2526c6039d2b64bd4754a63c93857863362c1e651d481b7e31862e524a52b10c

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "d1d6e9132410b2c5e2db110fdbdaac3a1b965bd41cd03af80504c46acdc27b39",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "astro-ph.SR",
    "submitted_at": "2026-02-27T19:00:01Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "1a1a776567c25afcd881f26bbf9e7072b773fafb5c62c4144b4d9794ef6ea9d8"
  },
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  "source": {
    "id": "2603.00231",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}