Pith Number

pith:FAJJCCRI

pith:2026:FAJJCCRIZZHLD364M3CPX3RHZD

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OPT-Engine: Benchmarking the Limits of LLMs in Optimization Modeling via Complexity Scaling

Cheng cheng, Dongdong Ge, Yinan Sun, Yitian Chen, Zi Ling

Solver-integrated LLMs for optimization modeling are limited primarily by errors in automated constraint formulation as problem complexity scales.

arxiv:2601.19924 v2 · 2026-01-09 · cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.LG

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Claims

C1strongest claim

For the current SOTA paradigm, Solver-integrated Reasoning (SIR), the automated formulation of constraints represents the primary bottleneck.

C2weakest assumption

The assumption that the ten canonical problems and the chosen complexity scaling metrics (variables, constraints, integrality) sufficiently represent the space of real-world optimization modeling tasks that LLMs would encounter.

C3one line summary

OPT-Engine shows pure-text chain-of-thought reasoning in LLMs loses robustness as optimization complexity grows, external tools fix only local arithmetic, and solver-integrated methods are bottlenecked by automated constraint formulation.

References

43 extracted · 43 resolved · 12 Pith anchors

[1] GPT-4 Technical Report 2023 · arXiv:2303.08774

[2] Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models 2023 · arXiv:2312.11805

[3] Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context 2024 · arXiv:2403.05530

[4] DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report 2024 · arXiv:2412.19437

[5] DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning 2025 · arXiv:2501.12948

Cited by

1 paper in Pith

From Soliloquy to Agora: Memory-Enhanced LLM Agents with Decentralized Debate for Optimization Modeling

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:39:16.587073Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

2812910a28ce4eb1efdc66c4fbee27c8df62ac51c61e6bf6da3022335d775fff

Aliases

arxiv: 2601.19924 · arxiv_version: 2601.19924v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2601.19924 · pith_short_12: FAJJCCRIZZHL · pith_short_16: FAJJCCRIZZHLD364 · pith_short_8: FAJJCCRI

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/FAJJCCRIZZHLD364M3CPX3RHZD \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 2812910a28ce4eb1efdc66c4fbee27c8df62ac51c61e6bf6da3022335d775fff

Canonical record JSON

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    "abstract_canon_sha256": "9be0b4289a37c7b6d2030e8a8fde9772c80325d89a04fafa37c001f4001d4319",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI",
      "cs.LG"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2026-01-09T09:22:33Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "c3847cfab4ea9627fcd570e0673fcc661a915ef3a464869b59c5cbfaed6149a7"
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  "source": {
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    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
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}