Pith Number

pith:FQFTUWRQ

pith:2026:FQFTUWRQESSAWIWJASSXL4FDJR

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

How to deal with machine learning bias in economic history

Christian Vedel, Julius Koschnick, Torben S. D. Johansen

arxiv:2606.28063 v1 · 2026-06-26 · econ.GN · q-fin.EC

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{FQFTUWRQESSAWIWJASSXL4FDJR}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-29T01:14:56.651665Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

2c0b3a5a3024a40b22c904a575f0a34c76c51d068f9faf0a154e0baee71b6f37

Aliases

arxiv: 2606.28063 · arxiv_version: 2606.28063v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2606.28063 · pith_short_12: FQFTUWRQESSA · pith_short_16: FQFTUWRQESSAWIWJ · pith_short_8: FQFTUWRQ

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/FQFTUWRQESSAWIWJASSXL4FDJR \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 2c0b3a5a3024a40b22c904a575f0a34c76c51d068f9faf0a154e0baee71b6f37

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "bc47dd5d0a6ab3b5fd086f42ec4a776d21b6e413abb6c051e001ab312d3eaf4b",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "q-fin.EC"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "econ.GN",
    "submitted_at": "2026-06-26T13:10:11Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "a3205975a59d2a4360869ce48736b45f0f19f2853c1f4002387c745f7777dff0"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2606.28063",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}