Pith Number

pith:GBGN64JP

pith:2020:GBGN64JPIY6SOMO7RMKB4J2PSX

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Two Robust Tools for Inference about Causal Effects with Invalid Instruments

Dylan S. Small, Hyunseung Kang, T. Tony Cai, Youjin Lee

arxiv:2006.01393 v1 · 2020-06-02 · stat.ME · stat.AP

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{GBGN64JPIY6SOMO7RMKB4J2PSX}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T01:07:16.973748Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

304cdf712f463d2731df8b141e274f95f59b87f96d105a96bddfe190ac0f93a0

Aliases

arxiv: 2006.01393 · arxiv_version: 2006.01393v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2006.01393 · pith_short_12: GBGN64JPIY6S · pith_short_16: GBGN64JPIY6SOMO7 · pith_short_8: GBGN64JP

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/GBGN64JPIY6SOMO7RMKB4J2PSX \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 304cdf712f463d2731df8b141e274f95f59b87f96d105a96bddfe190ac0f93a0

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "38487589cbf9f097c9a53bde57e9dd96e2640231e04dbb120b2bc191848f09e7",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "stat.AP"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ME",
    "submitted_at": "2020-06-02T05:15:02Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "deef8b003bbae9396247e522358d529681ba140ac6465dc4268114586e5d8800"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2006.01393",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}