Pith Number

pith:GW3OUI7H

pith:2025:GW3OUI7HWBXH6JZIFOK4KIGXPU

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Understanding Fact Recall in Language Models: Why Two-Stage Training Encourages Memorization but Mixed Training Teaches Knowledge

Benjamin Heinzerling, Dongyuan Li, Kentaro Inui, Ying Zhang

arxiv:2505.16178 v2 · 2025-05-22 · cs.CL

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{GW3OUI7HWBXH6JZIFOK4KIGXPU}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

1 paper in Pith

Deep sequence models tend to memorize geometrically; it is unclear why

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-29T01:04:53.289805Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

35b6ea23e7b06e7f27282b95c520d77d1d3fb6e15c6d3c38409c2bf9f793d9d7

Aliases

arxiv: 2505.16178 · arxiv_version: 2505.16178v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2505.16178 · pith_short_12: GW3OUI7HWBXH · pith_short_16: GW3OUI7HWBXH6JZI · pith_short_8: GW3OUI7H

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/GW3OUI7HWBXH6JZIFOK4KIGXPU \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 35b6ea23e7b06e7f27282b95c520d77d1d3fb6e15c6d3c38409c2bf9f793d9d7

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "78d82937124f656f5a309754837d1bd4bf7fee6d3213e1c40304ffe4fe509ee2",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2025-05-22T03:34:29Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "9e4b8cd92b823edd9f201b2f9912206b4ce49fa3f02551ed564df97488ab6e9b"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2505.16178",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}