Pith Number

pith:IBYZKNZF

pith:2026:IBYZKNZFNVDARNRY6AG6LQGIPK

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

When Do Treatment Changes Identify Causal Effects?

Martin Huber

arxiv:2606.02234 v1 · 2026-06-01 · econ.EM · stat.ME

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{IBYZKNZFNVDARNRY6AG6LQGIPK}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-02T03:04:53.753293Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

40719537256d4608b638f00de5c0c87aa2cda6f82f703bbdee2d866c8991abda

Aliases

arxiv: 2606.02234 · arxiv_version: 2606.02234v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2606.02234 · pith_short_12: IBYZKNZFNVDA · pith_short_16: IBYZKNZFNVDARNRY · pith_short_8: IBYZKNZF

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/IBYZKNZFNVDARNRY6AG6LQGIPK \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 40719537256d4608b638f00de5c0c87aa2cda6f82f703bbdee2d866c8991abda

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "d4abc5e6630d20266606111a7c695c208663868af39f75371f045846e0dc9c84",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "stat.ME"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "econ.EM",
    "submitted_at": "2026-06-01T13:26:48Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "28889306f9a16276ea8a6dde33481c53324b4d31e4809fb520b85bbfe2de877b"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2606.02234",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}