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pith:ISOMYT7N

pith:2025:ISOMYT7NFKHIOPSKB3SIBAWT7X
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WIMP Meets ALP: Coherent Freeze-Out of Dark Matter

Bingrong Yu, Maxim Perelstein, Steven Ferrante

A quadratic coupling between WIMPs and a light ALP induces temperature-dependent mass shifts that delay freeze-out and produce an ALP relic largely independent of initial conditions.

arxiv:2511.16731 v2 · 2025-11-20 · hep-ph · astro-ph.CO

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Record completeness

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4 Citations open
5 Replications open
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Claims

C1strongest claim

In the FOPT regime, dark matter consists solely of WIMPs, whose delayed freeze-out permits annihilation cross sections up to three orders of magnitude above the standard value, while still yielding the correct relic density. In the crossover regime, both WIMP and ALP can contribute to dark matter. Remarkably, we find an 'ALP miracle': a Planck-suppressed quadratic coupling yields an ALP abundance comparable to the observed dark matter density, largely independent of its initial displacement and mass.

C2weakest assumption

The quadratic coupling is too feeble to thermalize the ALP yet strong enough for coherent forward scattering to produce substantial temperature-dependent mass shifts that alter both WIMP freeze-out timing and ALP vacuum displacement.

C3one line summary

Quadratic WIMP-ALP coupling induces coherent freeze-out that allows WIMP annihilation cross sections up to 1000 times larger than standard while matching relic density, plus an ALP miracle where Planck-suppressed couplings naturally yield correct ALP dark matter abundance independent of initial mass

References

25 extracted · 25 resolved · 12 Pith anchors

[1] This equation can be solved numerically for any fixedκ, as shown in Fig
[2] In the medium of the ALP background, the effective mass of the WIMP is shifted frommχ tom χ,eff = γ(φ)m χ, whereγ(φ) =|1−φ 2/2|is the field-dependent boost factor
[3] M. Cirelli, A. Strumia, and J. Zupan, (2024), arXiv:2406.01705 [hep-ph] 2024 · arXiv:2406.01705
[4] Axion Cosmology 2016 · arXiv:1510.07633
[5] Sub-eV scalar dark matter through the super-renormalizable Higgs portal 2010 · arXiv:1003.2313

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification
First computed 2026-05-22T01:03:50.760070Z
Builder pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature Pith Ed25519 (pith-v1-2026-05) · public key
Schema pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

449ccc4fed2a8e873e4a0ee48082d3fdcbf96f97457fe8051d362009c9d25cde

Aliases

arxiv: 2511.16731 · arxiv_version: 2511.16731v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2511.16731 · pith_short_12: ISOMYT7NFKHI · pith_short_16: ISOMYT7NFKHIOPSK · pith_short_8: ISOMYT7N
Agent API
Verify this Pith Number yourself
curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/ISOMYT7NFKHIOPSKB3SIBAWT7X \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 449ccc4fed2a8e873e4a0ee48082d3fdcbf96f97457fe8051d362009c9d25cde
Canonical record JSON
{
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    "abstract_canon_sha256": "3efd0762a915883438dc88220122be3937f51c7a5310c14ea2a5144cb1c86d90",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "astro-ph.CO"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "hep-ph",
    "submitted_at": "2025-11-20T19:00:01Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "321dd5dad2bda5a720bc671d129d8ccea22cca1311ee1ae866ff5f6677c90ad1"
  },
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  "source": {
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    "kind": "arxiv",
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  }
}