Pith Number

pith:IYBPBD6K

pith:2026:IYBPBD6KIDHKXO4FW7ACEZAGAQ

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Covariant Cherenkov Radiation and its Friction Force

Johann Rafelski, Martin S. Formanek, Will Price

The paper derives a covariant generalization of the Frank-Tamm formula for Cherenkov radiation and the associated relativistic friction force.

arxiv:2603.01636 v3 · 2026-03-02 · hep-ph

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\pithnumber{IYBPBD6KIDHKXO4FW7ACEZAGAQ}

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Claims

C1strongest claim

We derive the covariant generalization of the Frank-Tamm formula describing the Cherenkov radiation by a charged particle moving uniformly with a speed faster than the local speed of light within a homogeneous dielectric medium. We use our result to derive the covariant Cherenkov radiation reaction force and obtain a four-force explicitly orthogonal to particle four-velocity consistent with a relativistic friction force.

C2weakest assumption

The derivation assumes a homogeneous dielectric medium and strictly uniform particle motion; any spatial variation in the medium or acceleration of the particle would invalidate the closed-form expressions.

C3one line summary

Derives covariant Cherenkov radiation formula and orthogonal four-force friction, with emission spectrum set by medium dielectric properties, hinting at explanation for soft photon excess in hadron collisions.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-23T03:13:54.922896Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

4602f08fca40ceabbb85b7c0226406041fc422f1d351a9045e2cfcb475dbdcd0

Aliases

arxiv: 2603.01636 · arxiv_version: 2603.01636v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2603.01636 · pith_short_12: IYBPBD6KIDHK · pith_short_16: IYBPBD6KIDHKXO4F · pith_short_8: IYBPBD6K

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/IYBPBD6KIDHKXO4FW7ACEZAGAQ \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 4602f08fca40ceabbb85b7c0226406041fc422f1d351a9045e2cfcb475dbdcd0

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "545cefef032dc18bf0c77359894b7c0856a98db538afd67875ecbc54aea1aac7",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "hep-ph",
    "submitted_at": "2026-03-02T09:10:39Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "cdf261ece9e6e96347c6f951f617772639df76537238c464770314a7b85382b1"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2603.01636",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}