Pith Number

pith:JH4FZFWA

pith:2018:JH4FZFWAQUAGKVXDRDSX7OTZLG

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Truncated Back-propagation for Bilevel Optimization

Amirreza Shaban, Byron Boots, Ching-An Cheng, Nathan Hatch

arxiv:1810.10667 v2 · 2018-10-25 · cs.LG · stat.ML

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{JH4FZFWAQUAGKVXDRDSX7OTZLG}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:49:17.237236Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

49f85c96c085006556e388e57fba7959961bb521acfac0e14fcc9868d2ea37c9

Aliases

arxiv: 1810.10667 · arxiv_version: 1810.10667v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.10667 · pith_short_12: JH4FZFWAQUAG · pith_short_16: JH4FZFWAQUAGKVXD · pith_short_8: JH4FZFWA

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/JH4FZFWAQUAGKVXDRDSX7OTZLG \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 49f85c96c085006556e388e57fba7959961bb521acfac0e14fcc9868d2ea37c9

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "97175cf0b74eba8efbd0051b7caabb73375a5c1954521cc806fa820b340fbe24",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "stat.ML"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.LG",
    "submitted_at": "2018-10-25T00:49:36Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "ed5c41fe86e0983d1d2dffe94b2ee0d53d189245e2f38c4c91f1bd8b9edbc687"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1810.10667",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}