Pith Number

pith:KA7ICOTD

pith:2025:KA7ICOTDHZL4TITMUSLHMEBL3D

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High-Entropy Tokens as Multimodal Failure Points in Vision-Language Models

Jing Zhang, Jinhong Ni, Mengqi He, Shu Zou, Xin Shen, Xinyu Tian, Zhaoyuan Yang

A small share of high-entropy tokens during generation concentrates most adversarial influence in vision-language models.

arxiv:2512.21815 v3 · 2025-12-26 · cs.CV · cs.LG

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4 Citations open

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Claims

C1strongest claim

a small fraction (around 20%) of high-entropy tokens, in the evaluated representative open-source VLMs with diverse architectures, concentrates a disproportionate share of adversarial influence during autoregressive generation

C2weakest assumption

That high-entropy tokens can be identified reliably during generation and that concentrating perturbations on them produces comparable semantic degradation to global attacks without requiring post-hoc selection or model-specific tuning that would invalidate the transferability claim.

C3one line summary

High-entropy tokens act as concentrated multimodal failure points in VLMs, enabling sparse Entropy-Guided Attacks that achieve 93-95% success and 30-38% harmful rates with cross-model transfer.

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Cited by

1 paper in Pith

Break the Brake, Not the Wheel: Untargeted Jailbreak via Entropy Maximization

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-26T01:03:21.256922Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

503e813a633e57c9a26ca49676102bd8f47736e4df6975fe74e80cc419cbfb1e

Aliases

arxiv: 2512.21815 · arxiv_version: 2512.21815v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2512.21815 · pith_short_12: KA7ICOTDHZL4 · pith_short_16: KA7ICOTDHZL4TITM · pith_short_8: KA7ICOTD

Agent API

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/KA7ICOTDHZL4TITMUSLHMEBL3D \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 503e813a633e57c9a26ca49676102bd8f47736e4df6975fe74e80cc419cbfb1e

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "87fcc8f582da8f4dfb1a9eb1534ecb945a80f771a6a8095ecc6320410f5b1e7f",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.LG"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CV",
    "submitted_at": "2025-12-26T01:01:25Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "48f6abf74e09a01bb218402c0ee098c18be6a07cd82f4b547d10d39545aea293"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2512.21815",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}