Pith Number

pith:KBDGQHZV

pith:2023:KBDGQHZVTGSIXJCL3PH3IPLRTE

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

What Formal Languages Can Transformers Express? A Survey

Dana Angluin, David Chiang, Gail Weiss, Lena Strobl, William Merrill

arxiv:2311.00208 v3 · 2023-11-01 · cs.LG · cs.CL · cs.FL · cs.LO

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{KBDGQHZVTGSIXJCL3PH3IPLRTE}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Cited by

7 papers in Pith

Causally Evaluating the Learnability of Formal Language Tasks

A Sharper Picture of Generalization in Transformers

Fine-tuning vs. In-context Learning in Large Language Models: A Formal Language Learning Perspective

The Serial Scaling Hypothesis

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T09:02:54.794564Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

5046681f3599a48ba44bdbcfb43d71993c748701fd4647d2680ce673732b2ebf

Aliases

arxiv: 2311.00208 · arxiv_version: 2311.00208v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2311.00208 · pith_short_12: KBDGQHZVTGSI · pith_short_16: KBDGQHZVTGSIXJCL · pith_short_8: KBDGQHZV

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/KBDGQHZVTGSIXJCL3PH3IPLRTE \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 5046681f3599a48ba44bdbcfb43d71993c748701fd4647d2680ce673732b2ebf

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "086a2f0bf8fbd3162307506f09af3d1393c2e365670a3be64efc3b4f56b794c0",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.CL",
      "cs.FL",
      "cs.LO"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.LG",
    "submitted_at": "2023-11-01T00:38:26Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "04085a49d341b684021158644c74a0e597d6aa8a1e1eddfb734b51cb0c6eeb5b"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2311.00208",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}