Pith Number

pith:KLNR5TYD

pith:2026:KLNR5TYDPFDYNLPZ3N4IQZ4U4S

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

CounterRefine: Answer-Conditioned Counterevidence Retrieval for Inference-Time Knowledge Repair in Factual Question Answering

Tianyi Huang, Ying Kai Deng

CounterRefine repairs factual answers at inference time by retrieving counterevidence to test and revise provisional responses.

arxiv:2603.16091 v3 · 2026-03-17 · cs.CL · cs.AI

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Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{KLNR5TYDPFDYNLPZ3N4IQZ4U4S}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

On the full SimpleQA benchmark, CounterRefine improves a matched GPT-5 Baseline-RAG by 5.8 points and reaches a 73.1 percent correct rate, while exceeding the reported one-shot GPT-5.4 score by roughly 40 points.

C2weakest assumption

That the restricted refinement step with deterministic validation reliably distinguishes valid revisions from invalid ones across diverse factual questions without introducing new errors.

C3one line summary

CounterRefine improves factual QA by retrieving answer-conditioned counterevidence and deterministically refining draft answers, lifting a GPT-5 RAG baseline by 5.8 points to 73.1% on SimpleQA.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T00:03:08.411951Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

52db1ecf03794786adf9db78886794e4b570c5afe03bb9cadb1e774c0073e16b

Aliases

arxiv: 2603.16091 · arxiv_version: 2603.16091v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2603.16091 · pith_short_12: KLNR5TYDPFDY · pith_short_16: KLNR5TYDPFDYNLPZ · pith_short_8: KLNR5TYD

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/KLNR5TYDPFDYNLPZ3N4IQZ4U4S \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 52db1ecf03794786adf9db78886794e4b570c5afe03bb9cadb1e774c0073e16b

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "82f5dcaa102d886402cef9f5bf379b150fd836d4f7e3291b30a1dcd89508eb5e",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2026-03-17T03:27:25Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "cfb90e4ee3ca9d53afefe8acda71ffa43af7d352fbb37ab3f3b5c150ca2daecb"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2603.16091",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}