Pith Number

pith:LAKIQRV6

pith:2004:LAKIQRV6PX6IEOALIVD665D2WK

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Mimicking counterfactual outcomes to estimate causal effects

Judith J. Lok

arxiv:math/0409045 v2 · 2004-09-03 · math.ST · stat.TH

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{LAKIQRV6PX6IEOALIVD665D2WK}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T01:34:13.999003Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

58148846be7dfc82380b4547ef747ab29b61a7ed582f419335bdbdc90bcaef2e

Aliases

arxiv: math/0409045 · arxiv_version: math/0409045v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.math/0409045 · pith_short_12: LAKIQRV6PX6I · pith_short_16: LAKIQRV6PX6IEOAL · pith_short_8: LAKIQRV6

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/LAKIQRV6PX6IEOALIVD665D2WK \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 58148846be7dfc82380b4547ef747ab29b61a7ed582f419335bdbdc90bcaef2e

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "d8095d49b9e83a2ef88ffb492ea2e16fa691411e78785d2ffa5078889cbc1f71",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "stat.TH"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "math.ST",
    "submitted_at": "2004-09-03T09:57:52Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "168185676b00dcc9138a2c5e98de0a96d256357dd54d388652336f1c23819b8a"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "math/0409045",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}