Pith Number

pith:LFLXPUJO

pith:2024:LFLXPUJODRZMS765T2M3VKKGDA

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

The Decisive Power of Indecision: Low-Variance Risk-Limiting Audits and Election Contestation via Marginal Mark Recording

Alexander Russell, Benjamin Fuller, Rashmi Pai

arxiv:2402.06515 v4 · 2024-02-09 · cs.CR

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{LFLXPUJODRZMS765T2M3VKKGDA}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T08:33:00.359468Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

595777d12e1c72c97fdd9e99baa946182152343e70b1273962490d2b203b2164

Aliases

arxiv: 2402.06515 · arxiv_version: 2402.06515v4 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2402.06515 · pith_short_12: LFLXPUJODRZM · pith_short_16: LFLXPUJODRZMS765 · pith_short_8: LFLXPUJO

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/LFLXPUJODRZMS765T2M3VKKGDA \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 595777d12e1c72c97fdd9e99baa946182152343e70b1273962490d2b203b2164

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "54d5f3dbebf37a3a1073a947f4a5e7d0fe868dcbf114610433fe5be93c47ff22",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CR",
    "submitted_at": "2024-02-09T16:23:54Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "512382aa725f8b385214c8a3f767b3b67eb96b4db964d7c1fbffb19b3d3e80c2"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2402.06515",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 4
  }
}