Pith Number

pith:LR2FWYSK

pith:2026:LR2FWYSKWKWQXO4ZUDQEZ7UY5M

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Watts This Smell: A Comprehensive Taxonomy of Software Energy Smells

Mohammadjavad Mehditabar, Saurabhsingh Rajput, Tushar Sharma

A taxonomy classifies software energy waste into 12 primary smells and 65 root causes, validated by energy measurements on thousands of code pairs.

arxiv:2604.04809 v2 · 2026-04-06 · cs.SE

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{LR2FWYSKWKWQXO4ZUDQEZ7UY5M}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

Through a systematic literature review of 60 papers and exhaustive snowballing, we coded 320 inefficiency patterns into 12 primary energy smells and 65 root causes mapped to the primary smells... mapping 55 of the 65 root causes to real code.

C2weakest assumption

The multi-step LLM pipeline accurately classifies the top 3000 energy-differing code pairs to the 65 root causes without introducing classification errors that would invalidate the mapping of 55 causes.

C3one line summary

The paper creates and empirically validates a language-agnostic taxonomy of 12 primary software energy smells and 65 root causes using literature review and energy profiling of 21,000 Python code pairs.

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-09T00:19:37.112633Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

5c745b624ab2ad0bbb99a0e04cfe98eb1b3f43fa25eef22840dc45ec3790dd45

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.04809 · arxiv_version: 2604.04809v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.04809 · pith_short_12: LR2FWYSKWKWQ · pith_short_16: LR2FWYSKWKWQXO4Z · pith_short_8: LR2FWYSK

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/LR2FWYSKWKWQXO4ZUDQEZ7UY5M \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 5c745b624ab2ad0bbb99a0e04cfe98eb1b3f43fa25eef22840dc45ec3790dd45

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "0fb54ebc74143723a9957b6dcac0299f3c41056b57e7ca9cd51c90e9f1e47a32",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.SE",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-06T16:15:28Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "9d435f6e192414b220ed2c3118c7daed2dbbfb6aaa9b885d98c80ca4653d067e"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.04809",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}