Pith Number

pith:LR4DDW24

pith:2013:LR4DDW246OCQ7SDCWXWSSWRF3I

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Double Whammy - How ICT Projects are Fooled by Randomness and Screwed by Political Intent

Alexander Budzier, Bent Flyvbjerg

arxiv:1304.4590 v1 · 2013-04-16 · q-fin.GN · q-fin.PM

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{LR4DDW246OCQ7SDCWXWSSWRF3I}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T03:27:44.250346Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

5c7831db5cf3850fc862b5ed295a25da1086d75f1d5b9bf401f0b09119925aa3

Aliases

arxiv: 1304.4590 · arxiv_version: 1304.4590v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1304.4590 · pith_short_12: LR4DDW246OCQ · pith_short_16: LR4DDW246OCQ7SDC · pith_short_8: LR4DDW24

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/LR4DDW246OCQ7SDCWXWSSWRF3I \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 5c7831db5cf3850fc862b5ed295a25da1086d75f1d5b9bf401f0b09119925aa3

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "29576e09b639b287e3b20c013bcf6746890278740ddc50a80852a5d98614547c",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "q-fin.PM"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "q-fin.GN",
    "submitted_at": "2013-04-16T17:19:20Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "9c9e443916ccc68b28cb2442f891216474a9bd92367f476e8e6657464857dbc1"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1304.4590",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}