Pith Number

pith:M7AM7CWU

pith:2013:M7AM7CWUR4F67J7VGWT6IHD7H2

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Survival of the Unfittest: Why the Worst Infrastructure Gets Built, And What We Can Do about It

Bent Flyvbjerg

arxiv:1303.6571 v1 · 2013-03-20 · q-fin.GN

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{M7AM7CWUR4F67J7VGWT6IHD7H2}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T03:29:49.018881Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

67c0cf8ad48f0befa7f535a7e41c7f3ea0ca2d1dcfa647685de7518a3dbb7068

Aliases

arxiv: 1303.6571 · arxiv_version: 1303.6571v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1303.6571 · pith_short_12: M7AM7CWUR4F6 · pith_short_16: M7AM7CWUR4F67J7V · pith_short_8: M7AM7CWU

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/M7AM7CWUR4F67J7VGWT6IHD7H2 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 67c0cf8ad48f0befa7f535a7e41c7f3ea0ca2d1dcfa647685de7518a3dbb7068

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "229444356a9250d817a6a36d8423a2b74f7a13596d96911232649817bfb71be3",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "q-fin.GN",
    "submitted_at": "2013-03-20T10:59:34Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "393a5e1f8be729a87e084073d5092dc4119a0b3e4ef6d4dbc8edf103cdede0f9"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1303.6571",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}