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pith:MOKEYXE5

pith:2026:MOKEYXE5WE7TP22G44QF7MZLCR
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Measuring Google AI Overviews: Activation, Source Quality, Claim Fidelity, and Publisher Impact

Haofei Xu, Jacob M. Montgomery, Umar Iqbal

Google AI Overviews activate on 13.7% of searches, with 11% of their claims unsupported by cited pages and most of those pages carrying ads that suppress publisher revenue.

arxiv:2605.14021 v1 · 2026-05-13 · cs.CY · cs.AI

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Claims

C1strongest claim

We report four main findings. First, overall AIO activation is 13.7%, rising to 64.7% for question-form queries... Third, decomposing responses into 98,020 atomic claims, 11.0% are unsupported by the cited pages... Fourth, well over half of AIO-cited pages carry display advertising...

C2weakest assumption

The 55,393 trending queries selected via Google Trends are representative of typical user behavior and that the decomposition of responses into 98,020 atomic claims can be performed reliably without introducing systematic bias in fidelity measurement.

C3one line summary

Google AI Overviews activate on 13.7% of queries overall and 64.7% of questions, cite more credible sources than standard results but omit key information in 11% of claims, and suppress clicks on over half of cited pages that carry ads.

References

77 extracted · 77 resolved · 3 Pith anchors

[1] AdExchanger. 2026. The AI Search Reckoning Is Dismantling Open Web Traffic. https://www.adexchanger.com/publishers/the-ai- search-reckoning-is-dismantling-open-web-traffic-and-publishers- may-never-re 2026
[2] Saharsh Agarwal and Ananya Sen. 2026. Google AI Overviews and Publisher Traffic: Evidence from a Field Experiment. https://doi.org/ 10.2139/ssrn.6513059 SSRN Working Paper No. 6513059 2026 · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6513059
[3] Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis 2024 · doi:10.1145/3637528.3671900
[4] Alphabet Inc. 2026. Form 10-K: Annual Report for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2025. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commis- sion Filing. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001652044/ 00016520 2026
[5] Benjamin Andow, Samin Yaseer Mahmud, Justin Whitaker, William Enck, Bradley Reaves, Kapil Singh, and Serge Egelman. 2020. Actions Speak Louder than Words: Entity-Sensitive Privacy Policy and Data Flow 2020
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First computed 2026-05-17T23:39:12.939269Z
Builder pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature Pith Ed25519 (pith-v1-2026-05) · public key
Schema pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

63944c5c9db13f37eb46e7205fb32b1476802d73659e3192085dc20d3ca76ef2

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.14021 · arxiv_version: 2605.14021v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.14021 · pith_short_12: MOKEYXE5WE7T · pith_short_16: MOKEYXE5WE7TP22G · pith_short_8: MOKEYXE5
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Verify this Pith Number yourself
curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/MOKEYXE5WE7TP22G44QF7MZLCR \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 63944c5c9db13f37eb46e7205fb32b1476802d73659e3192085dc20d3ca76ef2
Canonical record JSON
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