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pith:MXI2QMHX

pith:2026:MXI2QMHX75YC7CS5QT7KSU4YEB

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Multipole blackbody radiation shift in Rydberg atoms

R. M. Potvliege

Retardation must be included in blackbody radiation shifts for Rydberg atoms above temperature α mc² / (3 k_B n²), where non-dipole terms dominate the dipole contribution.

arxiv:2605.16100 v1 · 2026-05-15 · physics.atom-ph

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Claims

C1strongest claim

Retardation needs to be taken into account in calculations of this energy shift at and above the temperature α mc²/(3 k_B n²); the corresponding non-dipole shift dominates the electric-dipole shift at about 2.5 times that characteristic temperature; the electric-quadrupole thermal shift is of the same order of magnitude as the diamagnetic thermal shift.

C2weakest assumption

The extension of the Farley-Wing framework to include retardation and quadrupole terms remains valid without additional higher-order corrections or changes in the thermal radiation spectrum assumptions at the temperatures considered.

C3one line summary

Retardation and multipole corrections to blackbody radiation shifts in Rydberg states become dominant above a characteristic temperature of order α mc² / (3 k_B n²), with quadrupole and diamagnetic shifts of similar magnitude.

References

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[1] Methods In the case of hydrogen, we calculate the electric- dipole shiftδE (E1) a and electric-quadrupole shiftδE (E2) a without retardation using the method outlined in Ap- pendix D of Ref. [15]. Tha 2000

[2] 1(a) for the case of s-states of hydrogen at room temperature

[3] 2 (T= 300 K, as in Fig

[4] Doing so for cesium yields the other set of results shown in Fig

[5] We found that the higher multipole BBR shifts of Rydberg states are also dom- inated by the contributions of neighboring intermediate states for which|E p−Ea|/kBT≪1 1938

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T00:01:52.643862Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

65d1a830f7ff702f8a5d84fea9539820471384517bfefbd47a1390c8a5e2a1f2

Aliases

arxiv: 2605.16100 · arxiv_version: 2605.16100v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2605.16100 · pith_short_12: MXI2QMHX75YC · pith_short_16: MXI2QMHX75YC7CS5 · pith_short_8: MXI2QMHX

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/MXI2QMHX75YC7CS5QT7KSU4YEB \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 65d1a830f7ff702f8a5d84fea9539820471384517bfefbd47a1390c8a5e2a1f2

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "823675602e228c5a81fac0ae7fca218ee1c3d83dd65dabd85845303e13742420",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "physics.atom-ph",
    "submitted_at": "2026-05-15T15:54:01Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "135a6693d63d3f8f0750e0617c2be1d4437b950c35672e986c112d0e70215db7"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2605.16100",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}