Pith Number

pith:N5252DUE

pith:2026:N5252DUE6IOGRLFSP524RGYXZA

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General orbital perturbation theory in Schwarzschild space-time

Claus L\"ammerzahl, Eva Hackmann, Oleksii Yanchyshen

General relativistic Gaussian equations govern the evolution of osculating orbital elements in Schwarzschild spacetime under arbitrary perturbing forces.

arxiv:2601.16887 v2 · 2026-01-23 · gr-qc

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The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

We derive general relativistic Gaussian equations for osculating elements for orbits under the influence of a perturbing force without any restrictions in an underlying Schwarzschild space-time.

C2weakest assumption

That osculating orbital elements remain well-defined and their evolution follows Gaussian-type equations in full general relativity for arbitrary perturbing forces, with linear approximation sufficient for the Kerr and q-metric examples.

C3one line summary

Derives unrestricted general relativistic Gaussian perturbation equations for osculating orbital elements in Schwarzschild spacetime, with linear solutions for Kerr and q-metric perturbations that recover Lense-Thirring precession.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-17T23:39:00.189889Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

6f75dd0e84f21c68acb27f75c89b17c83e183c11570d1bed4b1f3e07b1693cdb

Aliases

arxiv: 2601.16887 · arxiv_version: 2601.16887v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2601.16887 · pith_short_12: N5252DUE6IOG · pith_short_16: N5252DUE6IOGRLFS · pith_short_8: N5252DUE

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/N5252DUE6IOGRLFSP524RGYXZA \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 6f75dd0e84f21c68acb27f75c89b17c83e183c11570d1bed4b1f3e07b1693cdb

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "7b8f01853c4731a7d8ba07143690bf2fd8bda705212737a973cf75818ec88703",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "gr-qc",
    "submitted_at": "2026-01-23T16:53:00Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "47599c4d39b13da49793ca601bf97dd1acda72b9de63eec8ff4db8a94a007d5d"
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  "source": {
    "id": "2601.16887",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
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