Pith Number

pith:NQDSWNNP

pith:2026:NQDSWNNPZKNAEPKCQWK7EUCWZH

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

The hydrodynamics of stratified ultra-relativistic outflows and the origin of GRB X-ray plateaus

Gilad Sadeh, Kenta Hotokezaka, Masaru Shibata

Stratified ultra-relativistic outflows produce GRB X-ray plateaus through forward shock emission.

arxiv:2602.24085 v4 · 2026-02-27 · astro-ph.HE

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{NQDSWNNPZKNAEPKCQWK7EUCWZH}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

The forward shock naturally produces a shallow, long-lasting X-ray decay consistent with the observed properties of X-ray plateaus, including the Dainotti relation, without requiring prolonged central-engine activity or an additional high-energy emission component.

C2weakest assumption

Reproducing the observed plateau durations requires a broad distribution of ejecta Lorentz factors extending down to γ_min ∼70-100, which is assumed to be launched as part of the ultra-relativistic outflow powering the prompt emission.

C3one line summary

Stratified ultra-relativistic outflows with broad Lorentz factor distributions explain GRB X-ray plateaus via forward shock emission while producing long-lived reverse shock millimeter radiation.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-07T02:19:48.134682Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

6c072b35afca9a023d428595f25056c9efffd9d71e1902fc2aff2d824fe6baca

Aliases

arxiv: 2602.24085 · arxiv_version: 2602.24085v4 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2602.24085 · pith_short_12: NQDSWNNPZKNA · pith_short_16: NQDSWNNPZKNAEPKC · pith_short_8: NQDSWNNP

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/NQDSWNNPZKNAEPKCQWK7EUCWZH \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 6c072b35afca9a023d428595f25056c9efffd9d71e1902fc2aff2d824fe6baca

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "35c5f5d0efddc2b243c91455adeb594c483d0aa3d28e8336c6a1a856cd4d6648",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "astro-ph.HE",
    "submitted_at": "2026-02-27T15:22:03Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "4aca91f80871465e20f1693e5345296c121ebcb99093d5a39f0cf7e5564eb258"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2602.24085",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 4
  }
}