pith. sign in
Pith Number

pith:OXUBNE55

pith:2025:OXUBNE55ECN2XVVM7ONHXNDGOP
not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Excitation factors for horizonless compact objects: long-lived modes, echoes, and greybody factors

Paolo Pani, Romeo Felice Rosato, Shauvik Biswas, Sumanta Chakraborty

Long-lived modes in horizonless ultracompact objects have excitation factors that scale with their tiny imaginary frequency, suppressing early contributions and confining them to very late echoes.

arxiv:2511.08692 v2 · 2025-11-11 · gr-qc · astro-ph.HE · hep-ph

Add to your LaTeX paper
\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{OXUBNE55ECN2XVVM7ONHXNDGOP}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp
2 Internet Archive
3 Author claim open · sign in to claim
4 Citations open
5 Replications open
Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state
The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

We show that the excitation of such modes is strongly suppressed, scaling with the imaginary part of their frequency, and therefore they contribute to the waveform only at very late times.

C2weakest assumption

The effective cavity between the photon sphere and the object's interior produces long-lived modes whose excitation factors can be computed analytically and numerically and scale directly with the imaginary frequency part.

C3one line summary

Excitation factors of long-lived quasinormal modes in horizonless compact objects scale with their small imaginary frequency, suppressing early contributions and producing a hierarchy where prompt ringdown uses ordinary modes and late echoes use cavity modes.

References

126 extracted · 126 resolved · 46 Pith anchors

[1] nmaxX n=1 ωBH n BBH n e−iωBH n t # +θ(t−2L) 4Re
[2] T. Regge and J. A. Wheeler, Phys. Rev.108, 1063 (1957) 1957
[3] Chandrasekhar,The mathematical theory of black holes(1985) 1985
[4] Black hole spectroscopy: from theory to experiment 2025 · arXiv:2505.23895
[5] G. Carullo, Gen. Rel. Grav.57, 76 (2025) 2025

Formal links

2 machine-checked theorem links

Cited by

4 papers in Pith

Receipt and verification
First computed 2026-05-18T02:44:32.946282Z
Builder pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature Pith Ed25519 (pith-v1-2026-05) · public key
Schema pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

75e81693bd209babd6acfb9a7bb46673e4369527d852a467a3cd1cad359a5018

Aliases

arxiv: 2511.08692 · arxiv_version: 2511.08692v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2511.08692 · pith_short_12: OXUBNE55ECN2 · pith_short_16: OXUBNE55ECN2XVVM · pith_short_8: OXUBNE55
Agent API
Verify this Pith Number yourself
curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/OXUBNE55ECN2XVVM7ONHXNDGOP \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 75e81693bd209babd6acfb9a7bb46673e4369527d852a467a3cd1cad359a5018
Canonical record JSON
{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "f6de521aa85c035205d924cf9c2373978d9c73f35ebc842e9e98339aa816dd90",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "astro-ph.HE",
      "hep-ph"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "gr-qc",
    "submitted_at": "2025-11-11T19:00:08Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "15d34380d1c5c2a6d37aa5f267a8f9db0bca4d8ee5562c7cda9b41b7e6d674a7"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2511.08692",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}