Pith Number

pith:P6VUTE4B

pith:2022:P6VUTE4BAXISPQNS6HU3GCW33P

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Combining the target trial and estimand frameworks to define the causal estimand: an application using real-world data to contextualize a single-arm trial

Aiesha Zia, Craig Parzynski, Evgeny Degtyarev, Jie Zhang, Jufen Chu, Lisa V Hampson, Wei-Chun Hsu, Yanni Hao

arxiv:2202.11968 v1 · 2022-02-24 · stat.AP

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Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{P6VUTE4BAXISPQNS6HU3GCW33P}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T03:59:48.183002Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

7fab49938105d127c1b2f1e9b30adbdbd0fe81f920e14305d630167243e40174

Aliases

arxiv: 2202.11968 · arxiv_version: 2202.11968v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2202.11968 · pith_short_12: P6VUTE4BAXIS · pith_short_16: P6VUTE4BAXISPQNS · pith_short_8: P6VUTE4B

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/P6VUTE4BAXISPQNS6HU3GCW33P \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 7fab49938105d127c1b2f1e9b30adbdbd0fe81f920e14305d630167243e40174

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "086f747b4a867452eee9769e088d53e46faa728917bb5297f17ea10a17f41b56",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.AP",
    "submitted_at": "2022-02-24T09:17:51Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "31dd4f1c267a2dddd5ea8f4667c79989e60e7d9be8f2bbf3fc9254e744a01bcf"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2202.11968",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}