Pith Number

pith:PAPXFC55

pith:2021:PAPXFC55UWRBJ5PE6ISWOBYM76

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Controlling for Unmeasured Confounding in Panel Data Using Minimal Bridge Functions: From Two-Way Fixed Effects to Factor Models

Guido Imbens, Nathan Kallus, Xiaojie Mao

arxiv:2108.03849 v1 · 2021-08-09 · stat.ME · econ.EM

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{PAPXFC55UWRBJ5PE6ISWOBYM76}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T03:04:10.196666Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

781f728bbda5a214f5e4f22567070cffb0d3560ccb7c0abbf266e3bb6a0a2b7c

Aliases

arxiv: 2108.03849 · arxiv_version: 2108.03849v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2108.03849 · pith_short_12: PAPXFC55UWRB · pith_short_16: PAPXFC55UWRBJ5PE · pith_short_8: PAPXFC55

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/PAPXFC55UWRBJ5PE6ISWOBYM76 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 781f728bbda5a214f5e4f22567070cffb0d3560ccb7c0abbf266e3bb6a0a2b7c

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "4738fa9fb30cc71df12a35d469c1fb4a3d55fbe0bcb4203087e9501326a7f64f",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "econ.EM"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ME",
    "submitted_at": "2021-08-09T07:42:58Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "4714c9e0f4b323e16d027dfeda49fe6bd7147605d7768359b1416d4d4060d08a"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2108.03849",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}