Pith Number

pith:PGSZC4K3

pith:2026:PGSZC4K3BA2NBT4XYOXF7Z7JMT

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

The Confounder Trap: Treatment-Encoding Representations in Causal Inference with Text

Alexander Volfovsky, Graham Tierney, Marie Neubrander

arxiv:2607.26309 v1 · 2026-07-28 · stat.ME · cs.CL · stat.AP · stat.ML

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{PGSZC4K3BA2NBT4XYOXF7Z7JMT}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-30T01:17:58.865756Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	unsigned_v0
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

79a591715b0834d0cf97c3ae5fe7e964e65d225201a6c254225ec7d0115bd294

Aliases

arxiv: 2607.26309 · arxiv_version: 2607.26309v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2607.26309 · pith_short_12: PGSZC4K3BA2N · pith_short_16: PGSZC4K3BA2NBT4X · pith_short_8: PGSZC4K3

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/PGSZC4K3BA2NBT4XYOXF7Z7JMT \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 79a591715b0834d0cf97c3ae5fe7e964e65d225201a6c254225ec7d0115bd294

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "094c3817859499ceac9e45888989004daafe7cafcc94bbfb74c4e1fd74592433",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.CL",
      "stat.AP",
      "stat.ML"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ME",
    "submitted_at": "2026-07-28T22:10:43Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "4bf6c689929772f053b49c51113b2f28f2e6ef3f6e8a352afb78dc66a26ba69a"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2607.26309",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}