Pith Number

pith:PMC5AOFL

pith:2026:PMC5AOFLXIAQYANT4XVPHSJQPQ

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Higher resolution optical spectra of $M_*<10^{10}~M_{\odot}$ galaxies reveal outflow signatures unresolved by the SDSS

A. Saintonge, B. Hagedorn, C. Cicone, C. Vignali, M. Pedani, M. Romano, M. Sarzi, P. Severgnini

Higher-resolution spectra detect outflow signatures in 30 percent of low-mass galaxies that SDSS misses.

arxiv:2604.05665 v1 · 2026-04-07 · astro-ph.GA

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{PMC5AOFLXIAQYANT4XVPHSJQPQ}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

We identify outflow signatures in ∼30% of our targets based on the Hα line spectra. Assuming a typical bi-conical outflow geometry, this detection rate is consistent with theoretical predictions of ubiquitous outflows in the low-mass regime.

C2weakest assumption

The assumption that broad wings and asymmetries in the new spectra are produced by outflows rather than other kinematic effects (e.g., unresolved rotation, mergers, or instrumental artifacts), combined with the bi-conical geometry used to convert observed velocities into mass outflow rates.

C3one line summary

Higher-resolution spectra reveal outflow signatures in ~30% of low-mass galaxies (rising to ~60% at higher SFR), with ionized mass outflow rates of 0.1-50 x 10^-3 solar masses per year.

References

53 extracted · 53 resolved · 0 Pith anchors

[1] 2011, ApJS, 193, 29 2011

[2] 1974, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 19, 716 1974

[3] R., Wuyts, S., Förster Schreiber, N 2021

[4] Baldwin, J. A., Phillips, M. M., & Terlevich, R. 1981, PASP, 93, 5 1981

[5] S., Conroy, C., & Wechsler, R 2010

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-27T14:06:43.143359Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

7b05d038abba010c01b3e5eaf3c9307c0cc68306584a07b37b5cb405b5f4c302

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.05665 · arxiv_version: 2604.05665v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.05665 · pith_short_12: PMC5AOFLXIAQ · pith_short_16: PMC5AOFLXIAQYANT · pith_short_8: PMC5AOFL

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/PMC5AOFLXIAQYANT4XVPHSJQPQ \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 7b05d038abba010c01b3e5eaf3c9307c0cc68306584a07b37b5cb405b5f4c302

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "4b3c8c3e9b534b211bb7f66d8b7afb427046d4884c2a5e0eb689971bb30bf5f5",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "astro-ph.GA",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-07T10:07:04Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "c3a78d5b4aa3c70e0631401d8c515c26f12b67bec160531025e1a0a93b5eecd5"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.05665",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}