Pith Number

pith:PO3Z5BLV

pith:2026:PO3Z5BLVPTQR5LULVCPJX3IYCZ

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Exploring Converter Control Duality in Microgrids: AC Grid-Forming vs DC Droop Control

Gabriela Hug, Jovan Krajacic, Mario Schweizer, Ognjen Stanojev, Orcun Karaca, Vladan Lazarevi\'c

AC grid-forming control and DC droop control are duals sharing small-signal models and power-sharing dynamics.

arxiv:2604.26595 v2 · 2026-04-29 · eess.SY · cs.SY

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{PO3Z5BLVPTQR5LULVCPJX3IYCZ}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

We show that AC grid-forming and DC I-V droop control are duals of each other in several aspects, including: (i) the small-signal model of the converter; (ii) the inner current control structure; (iii) power-sharing mechanisms based on the AC swing equation and DC capacitor power balance; and (iv) disturbance signals and dynamic response.

C2weakest assumption

That a duality mapping between AC and DC physical domains preserves essential dynamics and control behaviors without significant discrepancies arising from the distinct natures of AC and DC systems.

C3one line summary

AC grid-forming and DC droop controls are duals in small-signal models, current control structure, power-sharing mechanisms, and disturbance responses.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-09T01:05:18.357201Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

7bb79e85757ce11eae8ba89e9bed181670ce3354c9e5dcd9d12b5eb2da309656

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.26595 · arxiv_version: 2604.26595v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.26595 · pith_short_12: PO3Z5BLVPTQR · pith_short_16: PO3Z5BLVPTQR5LUL · pith_short_8: PO3Z5BLV

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/PO3Z5BLVPTQR5LULVCPJX3IYCZ \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 7bb79e85757ce11eae8ba89e9bed181670ce3354c9e5dcd9d12b5eb2da309656

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "b85e5d2295bf5c8a6e62d043044df0dc967cef1bdb56f49858c3f563be29413d",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.SY"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "eess.SY",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-29T12:26:41Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "e95011e555b6e564d8fbeab4fd7fe5fcd0ea7641bc1f5e830384d843a71172a4"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.26595",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}