Pith Number

pith:Q2NTUHWO

pith:2025:Q2NTUHWOTB4N3H4TZHCK5A2HPM

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

The Efficiency Frontier: Classical Shadows versus Direct Quantum Measurement

Junyu Liu, Shuowei Ma

arxiv:2509.06218 v3 · 2025-09-07 · quant-ph · cs.AI · cs.LG · stat.ML

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{Q2NTUHWOTB4N3H4TZHCK5A2HPM}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-23T02:13:16.626985Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

869b3a1ece9878dd9f93c9c4ae83477b2b59d0411328395eee933f3aa991cc12

Aliases

arxiv: 2509.06218 · arxiv_version: 2509.06218v3 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2509.06218 · pith_short_12: Q2NTUHWOTB4N · pith_short_16: Q2NTUHWOTB4N3H4T · pith_short_8: Q2NTUHWO

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/Q2NTUHWOTB4N3H4TZHCK5A2HPM \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 869b3a1ece9878dd9f93c9c4ae83477b2b59d0411328395eee933f3aa991cc12

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "998133a6ead8d74a654eea41ec5dce38ecf451fc246bec1ceefbdb00badb6fb8",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.AI",
      "cs.LG",
      "stat.ML"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "quant-ph",
    "submitted_at": "2025-09-07T21:46:56Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "7dff253ca694d791fc8f9d0af2c47c26e1947d340f85ddbc032655f00c54fdbc"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2509.06218",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 3
  }
}