Pith Number

pith:Q2V6B6MC

pith:2026:Q2V6B6MCTNEJBKWKXEBY72KHOF

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

On Second-Order Methods for Bilevel Optimization

Jiawen Bi, Jiaxiang Li, Mingyi Hong, Shuzhong Zhang

arxiv:2606.20534 v1 · 2026-06-18 · math.OC

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{Q2V6B6MCTNEJBKWKXEBY72KHOF}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-19T16:13:14.712992Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

86abe0f9829b4890aacab9038fe94771753e9d6aeea0616a8a0e210c292b34a9

Aliases

arxiv: 2606.20534 · arxiv_version: 2606.20534v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2606.20534 · pith_short_12: Q2V6B6MCTNEJ · pith_short_16: Q2V6B6MCTNEJBKWK · pith_short_8: Q2V6B6MC

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/Q2V6B6MCTNEJBKWKXEBY72KHOF \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 86abe0f9829b4890aacab9038fe94771753e9d6aeea0616a8a0e210c292b34a9

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "78de72a1cb25aa9051c7f3e9fa9aae458acf52b248466cb3c403d73b2d2ec012",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "math.OC",
    "submitted_at": "2026-06-18T17:48:15Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "09d42b5f7174622d396b985772951dcce8011b649ae8310dcc71e6bc304bda10"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2606.20534",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}