Pith Number

pith:Q3U4YG6E

pith:2014:Q3U4YG6ETBKYBBGCCLOFULGO4F

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Causal Inference through a Witness Protection Program

Ricardo Silva, Robin Evans

arxiv:1406.0531 v2 · 2014-06-02 · stat.ML

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{Q3U4YG6ETBKYBBGCCLOFULGO4F}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T02:38:59.355860Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

86e9cc1bc498558084c212dc5a2ccee14af6cbfaf64d3967a5f752e5dceb9ee6

Aliases

arxiv: 1406.0531 · arxiv_version: 1406.0531v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.1406.0531 · pith_short_12: Q3U4YG6ETBKY · pith_short_16: Q3U4YG6ETBKYBBGC · pith_short_8: Q3U4YG6E

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/Q3U4YG6ETBKYBBGCCLOFULGO4F \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 86e9cc1bc498558084c212dc5a2ccee14af6cbfaf64d3967a5f752e5dceb9ee6

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "c8685ed7b6be5a104700d0f371b0b767370c268ec14591dc65e0eddb991d669f",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ML",
    "submitted_at": "2014-06-02T20:42:14Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "3b3447511b91601a21bf5498e7e5b866429e9542623ee040dd1801ea7c919758"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "1406.0531",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}