Pith Number

pith:QFKFR2VI

pith:2025:QFKFR2VIU5W7WUE4EKSV7EKS3P

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Treatment effect estimation by comparing observed and predicted outcomes: conditions for valid inference and practical illustration

Artuur M. Leeuwenberg, Bas B. L. Penning de Vries, Ewoud Schuit, Johannes A. Langendijk, Judith G.M. van Loon, Jungyeon Choi, Karel G.M. Moons, Lotta M. Meijerink, Remi A. Nout

arxiv:2511.21266 v2 · 2025-11-26 · stat.ME

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{QFKFR2VIU5W7WUE4EKSV7EKS3P}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-22T01:22:16.641174Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

815458eaa8a76dfb509c22a55f9152dbd7cc2378f8bb11a45b0c6471d517e106

Aliases

arxiv: 2511.21266 · arxiv_version: 2511.21266v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2511.21266 · pith_short_12: QFKFR2VIU5W7 · pith_short_16: QFKFR2VIU5W7WUE4 · pith_short_8: QFKFR2VI

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/QFKFR2VIU5W7WUE4EKSV7EKS3P \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 815458eaa8a76dfb509c22a55f9152dbd7cc2378f8bb11a45b0c6471d517e106

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "85ed29769a81c9b992275fdefabf4158f9384fdb9b86d74a564a0059adba2316",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "stat.ME",
    "submitted_at": "2025-11-26T10:45:31Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "2bd5055d38a977046aa0be080965d803f53d66893cd2b43c1a0a62538a7bb434"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2511.21266",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}