Pith Number

pith:QMY7A73A

pith:2026:QMY7A73A2SVDXTJQFRNDUHUQGC

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

From Chatbots to Confidants: A Cross-Cultural Study of LLM Adoption for Emotional Support

Amanda Cercas Curry, Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco, Mert Yazan, Natalia Amat-Lefort

People use large language models for emotional support at rates that differ sharply by country and personal background, with higher socioeconomic status as the main driver of trust and use.

arxiv:2604.25525 v2 · 2026-04-28 · cs.CL · cs.HC

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4 Citations open

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Claims

C1strongest claim

adoption rates vary dramatically across countries (from 20% to 59%). Using mixed models that separate cultural effects from demographic composition, we find that: Being aged 25-44, religious, married, and of higher socioeconomic status are predictors of positive perceptions (trust, usage, perceived benefits), with socioeconomic status being the strongest. English-speaking countries consistently show more positive perceptions than Continental European countries.

C2weakest assumption

That the 4,641 survey participants are representative of their national populations and that self-reported perceptions and usage accurately reflect real behaviors without significant sampling bias, social desirability effects, or measurement error.

C3one line summary

A cross-cultural survey finds LLM emotional support adoption ranges from 20% to 59% by country, with positive perceptions strongest among higher-SES, religious, married adults aged 25-44 and in English-speaking nations.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T00:04:33.003169Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

8331f07f60d4aa3bcd302c5a3a1e9030afda72027de4116e9833a3d44c48ec5e

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.25525 · arxiv_version: 2604.25525v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.25525 · pith_short_12: QMY7A73A2SVD · pith_short_16: QMY7A73A2SVDXTJQ · pith_short_8: QMY7A73A

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/QMY7A73A2SVDXTJQFRNDUHUQGC \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 8331f07f60d4aa3bcd302c5a3a1e9030afda72027de4116e9833a3d44c48ec5e

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "13f57468f59ae1a9ac65aba039e6de61732ddbb9ca08e5836ccc02da0ef473df",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.HC"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CL",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-28T11:48:42Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "e7484740829a4a5add1decdde53df511265098b1e957cabeab0f6116b6f24a07"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.25525",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}