Pith Number

pith:QVMLA277

pith:2001:QVMLA277GRYVLPU5S5NUBPKSUI

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Monopoly Power on the Web - A Preliminary Investigation of Search Engines

Kathleen Carley, Tair-Rong Sheu

arxiv:cs/0109054 v1 · 2001-09-24 · cs.CY

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{QVMLA277GRYVLPU5S5NUBPKSUI}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-18T01:06:49.468561Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

8558b06bff347155be9d975b40bd52a20a4141e6f8e9166cefdb2fb894187489

Aliases

arxiv: cs/0109054 · arxiv_version: cs/0109054v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.cs/0109054 · pith_short_12: QVMLA277GRYV · pith_short_16: QVMLA277GRYVLPU5 · pith_short_8: QVMLA277

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/QVMLA277GRYVLPU5S5NUBPKSUI \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 8558b06bff347155be9d975b40bd52a20a4141e6f8e9166cefdb2fb894187489

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "24ed533782aaccac658f44387e2f8bde8a5f91237034cfc0f1d482dcce282e05",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [],
    "license": "",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CY",
    "submitted_at": "2001-09-24T04:55:57Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "5a0570383e07346a3a65b98af6815e517e73699e237b819fd76b403d09630d2c"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "cs/0109054",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}