Pith Number

pith:RWIZ4KLQ

pith:2026:RWIZ4KLQDZJ62LF2IH2MJOOFLD

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

$N$-body modelling of the ED-2 stream progenitor shows Gaia BH3's formation involved dynamical interactions

Cl\`audia Garcia-Diago, Daniel Mar\'in Pina, Giuliano Iorio, Marc Ard\`evol, Mark Gieles, Sara Rastello

N-body simulations of the ED-2 stream progenitor show that Gaia BH3 formed through multiple dynamical interactions in the cluster.

arxiv:2604.24874 v2 · 2026-04-27 · astro-ph.GA · astro-ph.SR

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{RWIZ4KLQDZJ62LF2IH2MJOOFLD}

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Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

We determine that Gaia BH3 most likely formed as an exchange binary which underwent multiple strong dynamical interactions. We highlight the importance of cluster dynamics in assembling Gaia BH3, and disfavour a formation scenario where it evolved in isolation and/or in a low-density cluster.

C2weakest assumption

The N-body simulations with chosen initial conditions for the progenitor cluster accurately reproduce the observed properties of the ED-2 stream and allow reliable distinction between isolated and dynamical formation channels for Gaia BH3.

C3one line summary

N-body modeling of the ED-2 progenitor shows Gaia BH3 formed as an exchange binary via multiple dynamical interactions in a dense cluster, not in isolation.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-06-29T01:15:04.912567Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

8d919e29701e53ed2cba41f4c4b9c558f9008569229a7e4389eb31ccdb2c987c

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.24874 · arxiv_version: 2604.24874v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.24874 · pith_short_12: RWIZ4KLQDZJ6 · pith_short_16: RWIZ4KLQDZJ62LF2 · pith_short_8: RWIZ4KLQ

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/RWIZ4KLQDZJ62LF2IH2MJOOFLD \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 8d919e29701e53ed2cba41f4c4b9c558f9008569229a7e4389eb31ccdb2c987c

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "a1cb4ef5a20b215c4fde9e46df069f8dd1452060aeca6f93c71c05c475bae319",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "astro-ph.SR"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "astro-ph.GA",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-27T18:02:18Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "e7b9020a48638f9c762912bd4d1859b8940d54d25ad77af0dc9466927d0f3136"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.24874",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}