Pith Number

pith:SQ6C64OY

pith:2026:SQ6C64OYYYD77QECLZUNHYLJR5

not attested not anchored not stored refs resolved

Reference-renormalized curvature-primitive Gauss-Bonnet formalism for finite-distance weak gravitational lensing in static spherical spacetimes

Ali \"Ovg\"un, Reggie C. Pantig

Reference renormalization of the curvature primitive computes finite-distance weak lensing deflection angles without photon spheres.

arxiv:2604.16807 v1 · 2026-04-18 · gr-qc · hep-th

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Record completeness

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3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

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Claims

C1strongest claim

The resulting master formula yields the Ishihara-Li finite-distance deflection angle without invoking any circular null orbit, while remaining fully compatible with orbit-normalized prescriptions whenever a suitable photon sphere exists (the two gauges differ only by a constant shift and give identical α).

C2weakest assumption

That a physically chosen reference optical geometry exists in an outer regime where the physical geometry approaches that reference, thereby defining a unique renormalized discrepancy primitive P_e(r) by reference subtraction.

C3one line summary

A reference-renormalized curvature-primitive Gauss-Bonnet formalism computes finite-distance weak deflection angles in static spherical spacetimes without invoking photon spheres.

References

43 extracted · 33 resolved · 0 Pith anchors

[1] P. Schneider, J. Ehlers, and E. E. Falco,Gravitational Lenses, Astronomy and Astrophysics Library (Springer, 1992) 1992

[2] Perlick, Gravitational lensing from a spacetime perspec- tive, Living Rev 2004

[3] Gravitational bending angle of light for finite distance and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem 2016 · arXiv:1604.08308

[4] Light deflection and Gauss–Bonnet theorem: definition of total deflection angle and its applications 2018 · arXiv:1708.04011

[5] K. Takizawa, T. Ono, and H. Asada, Gravitational deflection angle of light: Definition by an observer and its application to an asymptotically nonflat spacetime, Phys. Rev. D101, 104032 (2020), arXiv: 2020

Cited by

2 papers in Pith

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Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-20T00:03:11.646394Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

943c2f71d8c607ffc0825e68d3e1698f52cf11b923d728ce3e8ebc7fa4e3ea26

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.16807 · arxiv_version: 2604.16807v1 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.16807 · pith_short_12: SQ6C64OYYYD7 · pith_short_16: SQ6C64OYYYD77QEC · pith_short_8: SQ6C64OY

Agent API

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Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/SQ6C64OYYYD77QECLZUNHYLJR5 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 943c2f71d8c607ffc0825e68d3e1698f52cf11b923d728ce3e8ebc7fa4e3ea26

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "a40670b2846b3bd9c95b7b3d44b488666d3575e3128cb6b25667991ad262c040",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "hep-th"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "primary_cat": "gr-qc",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-18T03:29:59Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "c87dbec52316f9804627ceb21f7b257f05ee286c554385250a5be2a727d51d64"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.16807",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 1
  }
}