Pith Number

pith:SWFIIC23

pith:2026:SWFIIC23PBTM3HOJMATBEW3ZWH

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

Frequency Quality Metrics based on Second-Order Derivative and Autocorrelation

Federico Milano, Taulant Kerci

Power systems can show good frequency quality by standard metrics yet poor quality by metrics based on second-order derivatives and autocorrelation.

arxiv:2604.09136 v2 · 2026-04-10 · eess.SY · cs.SY

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\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{SWFIIC23PBTM3HOJMATBEW3ZWH}

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Record completeness

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2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

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The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Claims

C1strongest claim

a power system may show good frequency quality using standard metrics and poor frequency quality using the proposed metrics

C2weakest assumption

That second-order derivative and autocorrelation metrics provide a more accurate or useful assessment of true dynamic frequency behavior than existing TSO metrics, without the paper demonstrating superior predictive power for stability events.

C3one line summary

New second-order derivative and autocorrelation metrics for grid frequency quality can indicate poor performance in systems rated good by traditional measures.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-05-29T01:05:09.134427Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

958a840b5b7866cd9dc96026125b79b1c763d6c75ebe1d85f32ad43d4bb07910

Aliases

arxiv: 2604.09136 · arxiv_version: 2604.09136v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.09136 · pith_short_12: SWFIIC23PBTM · pith_short_16: SWFIIC23PBTM3HOJ · pith_short_8: SWFIIC23

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/SWFIIC23PBTM3HOJMATBEW3ZWH \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: 958a840b5b7866cd9dc96026125b79b1c763d6c75ebe1d85f32ad43d4bb07910

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "4f9d81e26d2e797262c04c01e96792a0b426f231fe95e832873403522d4045a8",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.SY"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "eess.SY",
    "submitted_at": "2026-04-10T09:17:04Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "b98c6ec50591f0f9ef8b63fbb98fcbc5e1b5d6d3568f78b01a3059c070d1169c"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2604.09136",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}